Theori Conditio sine quanon

According to Von Buri, a cause is any condition that cannot be omitted for the effect to arise, because every such condition is a cause, all conditions are of equal value. So if even one condition is missing, the result will be different. This theory has a weakness because the causal relationship will stretch backwards indefinitely. However, according to Van Hamel, this theory is the only theory that can be maintained, but it must be complemented by the theory of error.

Teori Adequat

According to Von Kris, a cause of an event (criminal offence) is a condition that generally, according to the normal course of events, can lead to a certain result or event. This theory is based on the facts before the event. This adequat theory evolved to give rise to two schools of theory, namely subjective and objective theories. The subjective theory defines cause as what the actor knows or imagines can cause the effect (the criterion is the knowledge of the actor). Meanwhile, the objective theory sees cause as human behaviour which, according to general experience, is natural if the action causes an effect.

Individualisation Theory

According to Birk Meyer, out of a series of non-negligible conditions for an effect to arise, the one that becomes the cause is the condition that in the particular circumstances is most dominant in causing the effect. Karl Binding said that the condition is the most decisive cause. In positive terms to outweigh negative terms.

This is the discussion on the doctrine of causality in criminal law. In principle, causality is a concept that explains the relationship between two events, where one event (cause) triggers the other (effect). In criminal law, this doctrine is useful to show the causal relationship between a person's actions and the consequences they cause. This doctrine is very important to determine whether a person can be held criminally responsible for an act or not.

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