Legal Literacy - In the case of filing a civil lawsuit, there is a term known as Class Action or Representative Action. Class Action originating from England, as a lawsuit filed by a group of people who have the same interests or case. In Indonesia, this lawsuit is known as a group representation lawsuit.

In other words, a lawsuit class action is a procedure for filing a lawsuit, where one or more people representing a group file a lawsuit for themselves or from themselves, and at the same time represent all members of the group who have the same legal interests. This lawsuit is a mechanism for legal protection for mass victims who are large in number and have the same legal interests.

The procedure for group representation lawsuits is regulated in Perma No. 1 of 2002 concerning Group Representation Lawsuit Procedures. In Article 1 a of Perma 1/2002, it is explained that what is meant by a group representation lawsuit is a procedure for filing a lawsuit, where one or more people can represent a group in filing a lawsuit for themselves while representing a group of people in large numbers, which has similarities in facts and legal basis between the group representative and the members of the group being represented. As for the group representative in Article 1 b of Perma 1/2022, it is explained as one or more people who have suffered losses and filed a lawsuit while representing a large number of groups.

Group representation lawsuits are possible in the case of environmental pollution as regulated in Article 91 of Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, and with the aim of protecting consumers as regulated in Article 46 of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The requirements for filing a lawsuit as per Article 91 of Law 32/2009 and Article 46 of Law 8/1999 must refer to the provisions in Perma 1/2022.