2. Free and Fair Elections

Free and fair elections aim to elect the best leaders for the people. In free and fair elections, people have the equal right to choose their leaders.

3. Presence of a Free and Independent Press

A free and independent press aims to provide objective and accurate information to the public. With a free and independent press, the public can obtain the information needed to understand government actions.

4. Independent Judge

An independent judge aims to ensure that court decisions are not influenced by personal interests or certain groups. In carrying out their duties, judges must abide by the law and must not be influenced by any party.

5. Supervision of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) aim to oversee government actions and provide constructive input so that government actions can run well and in accordance with the interests of the people.

Practice

In practice, the limitation of state power can be done in various ways such as the formation of a constitution, free and fair elections, a free and independent press, an independent judge, and supervision of non-governmental organizations.

In implementing the theory of limiting state power, cooperation from all citizens is needed. Citizens must have awareness and concern to fight for their rights and oversee government actions.

In addition, it is also important to continue to strengthen institutions that have a role in preventing abuse of state power. Such as strengthening the judiciary so that it can enforce the law fairly and non-discriminatory, and strengthening oversight institutions of the government such as the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) and the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK).

In order to realize the theory of limiting state power, a broad understanding from all citizens regarding their rights and obligations is also needed. This can be done through appropriate and accurate education and outreach.

Challenges

In practice, there are several challenges in applying the theory of limiting state power. Some of these challenges include conflicts of interest among state institutions, corrupt and nepotistic practices, and a lack of public awareness in overseeing government actions.

However, with the awareness and active participation of all citizens, as well as efforts to strengthen state institutions that play a role in overseeing and enforcing the law, the theory of limiting state power can be realized well. This will bring great benefits to the community, especially in maintaining freedom and human rights and preventing abuse of state power.

Conclusion

The theory of limiting state power is an important concept in ensuring that state power does not exceed its limits and does not abuse its power. Some basic principles of this theory include the separation of powers, popular sovereignty, human rights, rule of lawand public oversight. To realize this theory, cooperation from all citizens and efforts to strengthen institutions that play a role in overseeing and enforcing the law are needed.