Legal Literacy - To date, the theory of legal certainty in the context of child adoption has not provided adequate certainty. Legal certainty, according to Jan M. Otto, can be interpreted as realistic legal certainty, namely the realization of harmony between the state and its citizens in understanding the prevailing legal system. In this context, we will discuss positive legal certainty in Indonesia related to child adoption. Although Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations governing adoption, there are several regulations related to the child adoption process.

It began with the Instructions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia conveyed in the form of circular letters starting in 1979, thus providing certainty over legal pluralism in Indonesia. As times evolved, several laws and regulations were issued, namely: Law Number 4 of 1979 concerning child welfare which is contained in Article 2, Article 3, Article 4 paragraph (1), Article 5 paragraph (1) paragraph (2) and paragraph (8) and also Article 12. These articles discuss child adoption carried out according to custom and tradition with prioritizing the interests of the child for the sake of the child's welfare and child adoption carried out outside of custom and tradition, carried out based on laws and regulations.

Secondly, there is Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning child protection which has been amended by Law Number 35 of 2014. It is regulated in more detail in CHAPTER VIII Articles 39 – 41. Then it mandates the rules below to regulate the implementation in this Law, namely: Government Regulation Number 54 of 2007 concerning child adoption. In this PP, it is stated that child adoption is a legal act that transfers a child from the power of the parents, legal guardian or other person responsible for the care, education and upbringing of the child into the family environment of the adoptive parents (article 1 point 2).1

In the development of existing rules, namely based on the Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 8 of 1983, and PP 54 of 2007, child adoption is divided into 2 types, namely:2