According to the theory of protection, the purpose of law is to protect humans both actively and passively. Actively, it is intended as an effort to create a humane social condition in a process that takes place naturally. As for what is meant passively, namely seeking to prevent arbitrary actions and abuse of rights. Efforts to realize this protection include:

  • realizing order and regularity;
  • realizing true peace;
  • realizing justice; and
  • realizing welfare and social justice.

Justice

As with rights and obligations, discussions about justice will be discussions that seem to never end. A human's life will never be separated from questions and statements, "have I gotten justice?", "whose version of justice is this, mine or yours?", "this is very unfair!", "I need justice", criticisms of other subjects about justice are also often thrown out, "ah, the referee is unfair, biased, no wonder he can win", "what's wrong with this mother, why did she give me a D, even though I've already collected the assignments, this mother is unfair", or even because of a mistake or because of a lack of faith, someone once said "God is unfair", even though we know that God is Most Just and God cannot be wrong in giving something to His servants.

So what is called fair or justice? Interpreting fair or justice requires a process of reflection and understanding that is not short, someone can feel fair or unfair at different or the same time. The search for the true essence of fair or justice will continue as long as humans live in this world, only after the afterlife will humans feel the fairest justice.

Only God's Court can provide that. The problem of thinking about the meaning of justice has long been the object of every human's thought. The most common is the theory of justice by the philosopher Aristotle who introduced ethical theory in his book entitled Rhetorica and Ethica Nicomachea. This theory argues that the purpose of law is solely to realize justice. Justice here is ius suum cuique tribuere (the complete slogan is iustitia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suum cuique tribuere) which can be interpreted as "giving to each person what is their part or right". Furthermore, Aristotle divides justice into two, namely commutative justice (justice that gives to each person according to their services) and distributive justice (justice that gives each person the same amount without having to remember individual services).

In its development, this kind of justice is not only limited to commutative and distributive justice, but there is also what is called vindictive justice (giving rewards or punishments to one or more people according to the mistakes they have made), creative justice (providing protection to someone who is considered creative in producing his creation), protective justice (providing assistance and protection to every human being so that no one can be treated arbitrarily), and legal justice (justice that the law wants to create).