The conversations revealed in the digital chat group show that normalization and degradation occur simultaneously. Both do not occur separately or independently from acts of physical violence. It is through conversations like these that the mindset that justifies violence against women is maintained and reinforced. The argument that these conversations are merely "private fantasies" with no legal consequences ignores the real psychological and social impacts experienced by objectified women, regardless of whether they have seen the conversations or not. The National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) emphasizes that the digital space is not a law-free space. Labeling such conversations as private is a subtle way of shifting the burden from the perpetrator to the victim, a form of "victim blaming."
This phenomenon is rooted in toxic masculinity, not as a deviant behavior of a particular individual, but as a mechanism that explains how rape culture is created from within. Toxic masculinity refers to a set of values taught explicitly or implicitly about the standards for being a "real man", namely dominating, showing no weakness, proving oneself through sexual status, and maintaining masculine solidarity even when that solidarity is built on the dehumanization of women. The chat group is not just a space for communication, but a proving ground for collective masculinity, where participating in the objectification of women is a way of showing that one belongs to the social circle.
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