The phenomenon of sexual harassment in Indonesia

The phenomenon of sexual harassment in Indonesia still occurs very often, even though the UU TPKS has been passed. Like the sexual violence experienced by siblings with the initials DSA (15) and KHS (17) in Purworejo Regency, it is known that both were raped by 13 male neighbors throughout 2023 in different times and conditions. The younger sister, DSA, became pregnant and gave birth as a result of the incident, seeing the statements of the victim and her legal expert during Denny Sumargo's podcast, there are many factors that need to be addressed so that the objectives of the UU TPKS are achieved, such as law enforcement officials who are slow to take action, lack of public awareness about the importance of reporting sexual violence, from the perspective of legal culture that still uses traditional views regarding gender roles and sexual violence.

Soerjono Soekanto argues that legal effectiveness is influenced by five factors, including:

  • Legal Factors: The quality and clarity of the substance of the law itself.
  • Law Enforcement Apparatus Factors: The ability and professionalism of the officers in charge of enforcing the law.
  • Facilities Factors: Facilities that support law enforcement.
  • Community Factors: Community attitudes and behavior towards the law.
  • Legal Culture Factors: Values and norms that apply in society that influence acceptance of the law.

Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS) is an important step in the effort to provide legal protection for victims of sexual violence in Indonesia. However, to achieve effectiveness in its application, it is important to understand the various factors that influence law enforcement. Soerjono Soekanto's theory of legal effectiveness can be used as an analytical framework to evaluate how the UU TPKS can be implemented optimally.