Legal Literacy - This article discusses the principle of administration local government in Indonesia with the concept of regional autonomy.
The administration of government affairs in the regions is a crucial aspect in the context of democratic and decentralized governance. In many countries, including Indonesia, regional governments play an important role in managing local affairs, formulating policies, and meeting the needs of communities at the regional or local level.
The administration of government affairs in the regions includes a number of aspects, ranging from policy determination to the implementation of development programs that are closer to the community.
One of the main principles in the administration of government affairs in the regions is the concept of regional autonomy. Regional autonomy gives authority to local governments to regulate and manage affairs in their respective regions in accordance with local needs and characteristics.
The Concept of Regional Autonomy
In Indonesia, the concept of regional autonomy is regulated in Law Number 23 of 2014 regarding Regional Government which provides the legal basis for the implementation of regional autonomy at the provincial, regency, and city levels. Article 1 Number 7 of the Regional Government Law provides the definition of regional autonomy:
“Regional Autonomy is the right, authority, and obligation of autonomous regions to regulate and manage their own Governmental Affairs and the interests of local communities within the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.”
What is the Purpose?
The main objective of the concept of regional autonomy is to grant authority to local governments in managing local affairs in accordance with the needs and characteristics of the local community.
Regional autonomy aims to increase community participation in decision-making processes related to development and public services at the regional or local level. Through regional autonomy, it is hoped that a government that is more responsive and accountable to the needs and aspirations of the community will be created.
In addition, it also aims to accelerate development and equitable welfare throughout Indonesia. By granting authority to local governments to manage resources and formulate policies according to local needs, it is hoped that there will be an increase in efficiency and effectiveness in the implementation of development programs. Regional autonomy is also a means to strengthen local cultural identity and diversity, as well as to advance economic and social potential at the regional level.
It also aims to reduce development disparities between regions and increase equitable development throughout Indonesia. By granting autonomy to regions, it is hoped that local governments can focus more on planning and implementing development that is in accordance with local needs and potential, so as to reduce disparities between regions and improve the welfare of the community evenly.
Principles of Regional Autonomy
Referring to the Regional Government Law, there are 3 basic principles for the implementation of Regional Government based on Regional Autonomy. These basic principles are the Principle of Decentralization, the Principle of Deconcentration, and the Assistance Assignment.
1. Principle of Decentralization
Article 1 Number 8 of the Regional Government Law, explains:
“Decentralization is the transfer of Governmental Affairs by the Central Government to autonomous regions based on the Principle of Autonomy.”
2. Principle of Deconcentration
Article 1 Number 9 of the Regional Government Law, explains:
“Deconcentration is the delegation of part of the Governmental Affairs which is the authority of the Central Government to the governor as the representative of the Central Government, to vertical agencies in certain regions, and/or to the governor and regent/mayor as the person in charge of general government affairs.”
3. Assistance Assignment
Article 1 Number 11 of the Regional Government Law, explains:
“Assistance Assignment is the assignment from the Central Government to autonomous regions to carry out part of the Government Affairs that are the authority of the Central Government or from the Provincial Regional Government to the Regency/City Regions to carry out part of the Government Affairs that are the authority of the Provincial Region.”
Conclusion
Overall, the principle of regional autonomy aims to strengthen the independence and responsibility of regional governments in managing their local affairs according to the needs and characteristics of their regions.
With decentralization, regional governments can be more responsive to the needs of their communities and can make decisions that are more relevant to local conditions.
Deconcentration allows for the redistribution of authority and resources from the central government to the regional level, thereby strengthening the capacity of regional governments to carry out effective governance.
Meanwhile, the principle of assistance assignment ensures that regional governments receive technical, financial, and other resource support from the central government.
In practice, these three principles work to present a more inclusive, responsive, and accountable government to society locally. By granting authority to regional governments, this principle allows for the creation of more targeted policies that have a positive impact on local development.
However, it is important to remember that the implementation of the principle of regional autonomy must also be accompanied by good coordination between the central and regional governments as well as active public participation in the decision-making process.
Only with strong synergy and collaboration between all parties can the vision of regional autonomy to improve public welfare and reduce regional disparities be optimally realized.
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