Legal Literacy- This article discusses the closed proportional electoral system and the open proportional electoral system. Changes to the system in the context of a constitutional democracy play a crucial role in ensuring the protection and continuous advancement of democratic principles. If these changes support the democratic process, they will consolidate the stability of the democratic system as a whole. However, it is important that these changes are carried out through an open, inclusive and participatory process, respecting constitutional principles and democratic values. In this case, the change needed is the transition from an open proportional election system to a closed proportional election system. This aims to maintain the continuity of function and developmentdemocracyconstitutional.

Fritz Edward Siregar's View at the Election Law Testing Hearing

At the hearing on the judicial review of the General Election Law (Election Law) Number 7 of 2017, Fritz Edward Siregar, an expertconstitutional lawfrom the Indonesian Jentera School of Law, presented his views. Held in the Plenary Session Room of the Constitutional Court on Wednesday (5/4/2023), the hearing was related to Case Number 114/PUU-XX/2022. In this hearing, Fritz became one of two expertsinvited bythe applicant. Fritz,who was a member of the Election Supervisory Body(Bawaslu) for the 2017-2022 period, explained the complexity of the process of collecting, counting and recapitulating votes. He highlighted the complexity and potential for errors in voting which requires voters to choose candidates from a list of names. This can result in invalid votes. In the 2019 Election, as many as 17,503,953 votes were considered invalid or around 11.12% of the total votes. Fritz also observed that the vote counting process took a long time because the use of an open proportional system required recording the candidate or party number in the correct column. Fritz highlighted the potential for manipulation in vote counting, particularly related to recording the names of candidates or parties. In addition, he noted the phenomenon of vote transfers between candidates in one party at the Polling Station (TPS) during the vote recapitulation process.