Formal Offenses and Material Offenses

Formal offenses are types of offenses that emphasize the prohibition of an act. Examples of Articles 160, 209, 210, 242, 263, and 362 of the KUHP are included in formal offenses. On the other hand, material offenses are types of offenses that emphasize the consequences of an act. If the consequences do not occur, the act is only considered an attempted crime. Examples of Articles 187, 378, and 338 of the KUHP are examples of material offenses.

Commissionis Offenses, Omissionis Offenses, and Commissionis per Omissionem Commissa Offenses

Commissionis offenses are types of offenses that involve violations of prohibitions with active actions. Example of Article 362 of the KUHP is an example of a commissionis offense. Omissionis offenses are types of offenses that involve violations of orders and are often committed by not taking an action. Example of Article 522 of the KUHP regarding not being present as a witness is an example of an omissionis offense. Commissionis per omissionem commissa offenses are types of offenses that involve violations of prohibitions with passive actions. An example is the act of a mother who kills her child by not giving breast milk, as regulated in Articles 338 and 340 of the KUHP.