Legal Literacy - Universally, the principles or norms found in society are: (1) religious principles/norms; (2) moral principles/norms; (3)etiquette norms; and (4) legal principles/norms.
Religious Principles/Norms
Based on the theory, religious principles are divided into two, namely revealed religion (samawi, sama’i, celestial) and cultural religion. Revealed religion is a teaching from God containing commands, prohibitions, and permissions conveyed to mankind in the form of revelations through angels and His Messengers. Meanwhile, cultural religion is a teaching produced by human thoughts and feelings cumulatively.
Religious principles are guidelines for human life to move towards a better and correct direction. Religious principles regulate human obligations towards their God. Sanctions for violations of religious principles come from God, both sanctions received directly in the world and in the afterlife.
Examples of religious principles: do not approach adultery, do not kill a soul that Allah has forbidden to kill, honor your parents, do not worship other than the One and Only God, and others.
Moral Principles/Norms
Moral principles are rules of life that originate from the human conscience that determine what is good and what is not good. The origin of moral principles comes from humans themselves. Moral principles encourage humans to do good, they do good or bad because of the whisper of their conscience (geweten). Moral principles are aimed at the inner attitude of humans. Sanctions for violations of moral principles also come from within the human soul itself, such as feelings of regret, shame, fear, guilt, and so on. Examples of moral principles: honest behavior, respecting and helping each other, and others.
Etiquette Principles/Norms
Etiquette principles are rules of life that arise from the social interaction of a particular society. The foundation of etiquette principles is propriety, decency, and customs that apply to the society in question. Etiquette principles are aimed at the outward attitude of each perpetrator for the sake of public order and to achieve an atmosphere of familiarity in social interaction. Sanctions obtained for being impolite are usually in the form of reprimands or insults or humiliation or ostracism from the community in which they are located.
The proverb "where you stand on the earth, there you uphold the sky" is very appropriate to describe this rule/norm of courtesy. Examples of rules of courtesy: dressing neatly when attending a formal event, speaking politely to older people, and so on.
Legal Principles/Norms
Legal rules are rules that are officially made by state authorities, binding on everyone, and their validity can be enforced by authorized state apparatus, so that their validity can be maintained.
Legal rules come from outside of human beings. Legal rules are aimed primarily at the concrete perpetrators, namely the perpetrators of violations who clearly commit acts, not for the perfection of humans, but for public order so that society is orderly, so that there are no victims of crime, so that crime does not occur. The content of legal rules is aimed at the outward attitude of humans.
Legal rules not only burden a person with obligations, but also give rights to a person. Legal rules come from the power outside of human beings that forces us (heteronomous). Society is officially given the power to impose sanctions or punishments. The court is an institution that represents the community to impose punishment.
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