Closed Proportional Election System

In contrast, the closed proportional election system is a system in which candidates are selected by members of a political party. In this system, voters can only choose the party, not the individual. The list of candidates is determined by the party and is usually arranged in a certain order. In some cases, voters can influence this order through a primary election process or internal party elections.

The advantage of this system is that political parties can ensure that the candidates selected are individuals who are most loyal to and aligned with the party's ideology. This can result in stability and consistency in party policy, and can prevent the co-optation that can occur in an open election system.

However, the closed proportional election system also has weaknesses. For example, this system can result in political elitism, where a small group of people have disproportionate power in determining who can run in elections. In addition, because voters cannot choose candidates directly, they may feel underrepresented or feel that their choices are meaningless.

Judicial Review of the Open Proportional Election System and the Closed Proportional Election System

Judicial review is the power held by the judiciary to assess and determine the constitutionality of a law or government policy. In many countries, this power is held by the constitutional court or the country's highest court.
 
In Indonesia, the power to conduct judicial review is held by the Constitutional Court. Its main function is to review laws and regulations that potentially conflict with the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In this context, the Constitutional Court plays an important role in ensuring that all applicable policies and laws are in line with the constitution, including the election system.
 
The election system, both open and closed, has a legal basis that must comply with the constitution. If there is a discrepancy, it can be submitted to the Constitutional Court for judicial review. For example, if there is a provision in the election system that is considered detrimental to the constitutional rights of citizens to vote and be elected, it can be sued to the Constitutional Court.
 
Basically, the Constitutional Court acts as the guardian of constitutional supremacy. In the context of the election system, this role is very important because the election system is a tool that regulates how people use their constitutional rights to vote and be elected. If there is a provision in the election system that violates the constitution, the Constitutional Court has the power to amend or repeal it.
 
the election system open and the closed election system have their respective advantages and disadvantages, and the role of the Constitutional Court is to ensure that the election system chosen by a country does not harm the constitutional rights of its citizens. This power helps ensure that the voice of the people is always heard and respected, in line with the principles of democracy and the rule of law.