Introduction

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in government governance. However, technology that should be a tool to strengthen democracy and human rights is often used to strengthen authoritarianism. The constitution, as the highest foundation in a country's legal system, must be able to adapt to remain relevant in facing the challenges of the digital age.

The main issues that arise are how digital technology is used to strengthen authoritarian control, the extent to which the constitution plays a role in protecting digital rights, and what steps can be taken to strengthen constitutionalism in the face of this threat.

Digital Technology and Authoritarianism

Digital technology, which includes mass surveillance, social media algorithms, and internet censorship, has become a powerful tool for authoritarian regimes to control society. One striking example is the use of facial recognition technology and big data by the Chinese government, which allows for strict surveillance of citizens, including political opposition. The use of this technology not only restricts freedom of expression, but also creates a fear that paralyzes dissent.

In addition, the manipulation of information through digital propaganda and disinformation on social media has become an important strategy in shaping public opinion. By utilizing algorithms that prioritize certain content, authoritarian regimes can strengthen narratives that support their power, while weakening public trust in democratic institutions.

Not only that, digital authoritarianism also creates inequality in access to information. Countries that have strict control over the internet often restrict citizens' access to important information. As a result, citizens do not have an adequate basis to actively participate in the political process, so democracy only becomes a formality without substance.