Legal Material • 24 Feb 2023

How are Individuals and States Accountable for Committing International Crimes?

literasihukum.com/committing-international-crimes

This article explains the concept of individual and state responsibility in committing international crimes, which is based on the concept of international law.

Legal Dictionary

State responsibility

literasihukum.com/kamus-hukum/905/state-responsibility

State responsibility State responsibility for violations of international obligations that may give rise to reparation obligations. Example: In cross-border cooperation, the concept of state responsibility is often used as a reference. International Law…

Opini • 10 Feb 2024

Understanding the Essence of Law: Unveiling John Austin's View of "Law is the Command of the State Sovereign"

literasihukum.com/pandangan-john-austin-hukum-perintah-penguasa

Literasi Hukum - Law is the command of the state sovereign. This view was put forward by John Austin, who defined law as a "command from the sovereign". This article discusses the essence of law accordin...

Legal Material • 12 Mar 2024

Monistic vs Dualistic: Schools and Doctrines on the Elements of Criminal Offences

literasihukum.com/monistic-vs-dualistic-schools-and-doctrines

Get a comprehensive guide to criminal offences. Learn about its elements, theoretical basis, and the difference between monistic and dualistic views in legal practice.

Opini • 28 Dec 2025

Anomaly in Corruption Law Enforcement: The Irony of Impunity for Structural Actors

literasihukum.com/anomali-penegakan-hukum-korupsi-impunitas-struktural

A sharp analysis of the anomaly in corruption law enforcement in Indonesia. Why do structural actors often escape criminal charges while technical implementers become scapegoats? Find the answer here

News • 03 Mar 2026

CENTCOM stated that the soldiers

who died

CENTCOM stated that the number of US soldiers killed by Iranian missiles in Kuwait has increased to 6. The attack reportedly hit an operations center in Shuaiba Port.

Opini • 02 Mar 2023

Understanding the Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle in International Agreements

literasihukum.com/asas-pacta-sunt-servanda

Literasi Hukum Indonesia - This article discusses the pacta sunt servanda principle in international agreements which is the basis for creating agreements and implementing them as agreed....

Legal Material • 02 Mar 2024

State Responsibility in International Law: Principles, Consequences, and Exceptions

literasihukum.com/tanggung-jawab-negara-dalam-hi

The concept of state responsibility is one of the most important concepts in international law.

Opini • 12 Feb 2023

Command Responsibility in Humanitarian Law: Case Studies of Karadzic & Mladic

literasihukum.com/komando-hukum-humaniter-internasional

Literasi Hukum Indonesia - This article discusses command responsibility in humanitarian law in the cases of Karadzic & Mladic. Written by: Defian Putri Tiara (Law Student, Universitas Terbuka)...

Opini • 26 Jan 2026

Corporate Impunity in Environmental Crimes & the Urgency of Ecocide

literasihukum.com/corporate-impunity-environmental-crimes-ecocide

Corporate impunity in environmental crimes, failure of law enforcement, and the urgency of ecocide as a reform of environmental criminal law in Indonesia.