Opinions • 18 Aug 2025

E-commerce Tax Targeting MSMEs: Who Benefits the State, Who Loses?

literasihukum.com/pajak-e-commerce-menyasar-umkm-untungkan-negara-rugikan-siapa

E-commerce tax requires UMKM (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) to pay 0.5% income tax on turnover. This policy expands the state's tax base but potentially increases the administrative burden.

Opinions • 09 Feb 2024

State Administrative Decisions as Objects of Administrative Justice

literasihukum.com/keputusan-tata-usaha-negara

Learn about the forms of state administrative decisions that are the object of Indonesian administrative justice.

Opinions • 10 Feb 2024

Understanding the Essence of Law: Unveiling John Austin's View of "Law is the Command of the Sovereign"

literasihukum.com/john-austin-view-law-sovereign-command

Legal Literacy - Law is the command of the state's ruler. This view was put forward by John Austin, who defined law as "the command of the sovereign". This article discusses the essence of law according to...

Opinions • 10 Feb 2024

Limitations of Fraud and Breach of Contract

literasihukum.com/batasan-penipuan-dan-wanprestasi

This article discusses the differentiating points between the crime of fraud and breach of contract, accompanied by examples of verdicts.

Opinions • 17 Dec 2025

Police Regulation 10 of 2025: Administrative Policy or Constitutional Issue?

literasihukum.com/perpol-10-tahun-2025-kebijakan-administratif-atau-masalah-konstitusional-1765870521

Police Regulation 10 of 2025 is formally valid, but potentially unconstitutional if it conflicts with the Constitutional Court's decision and the principle of constitutional supremacy.

Opinions • May 21, 2024

An Examination of "Compelling Urgency" in the Job Creation Law as an Element of the Enactment of State Emergency Law

literasihukum.com/telaah-kegentingan-memaksa-dalam-uu-cipta-kerja

This article discusses the correlation between a State of Emergency and Government Regulations in Lieu of Laws as legal products born from compelling urgency.

Opinions • 01 Jan 2025

A Portrait of the Conception of Human Rights from a Social Contract Perspective

literasihukum.com/potret-konsepsi-hak-asasi-manusia-perspektif-kontrak-sosial

Analyzing the concept of Human Rights (HAM) through the perspective of Social Contract Theory. This article explores criticisms of the state responsibility paradigm and its implications for social justice.

Opinions • 14 Dec 2024

Reconstruction of the Constitution, Between Historical Facts and Ideals

literasihukum.com/rekonstruksi-konstitusi-antara-fakta-historis-dan-cita-cita

This paper will explain the concept of the constitution with relevant theories that are not in accordance with the historical facts of the 1945 Constitution that have been deviated from.

Opinions • 20 Jul 2025

Pros and Cons of Autonomous Weapon Systems in the Context of International Humanitarian Law

literasihukum.com/pro-dan-kontra-autonomous-weapon-systems-dalam-hukum-humaniter-internasional

Legal Literacy - Examining the pros and cons of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) within the framework of International Humanitarian Law. This analysis discusses the challenges posed by 'killer robots' to p...

Opinions • 04 Jan 2026

A Shameless State: Maladministration as a Crime of Power

literasihukum.com/negara-tanpa-malu-maladministrasi-sebagai-delik-kekuasaan

A shameless state highlights public maladministration as a normalized abuse of power, eroding the dignity of the law, citizens' rights, & the quality of public services